Molecular and Physiological Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance and Applications in Agriculture is an edited volume that presents research on plant stress responses at both molecular and physiological levels. Key Features: - Emphasizes the morphological and physiological reactions of plants and the underlying molecular mechanisms when faced with stress from environmental or pathogenic factors. - Explores microbial dynamics within the plant rhizosphere and the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria as biofertilizers and endophytes as biocontrol agents to enhance crop growth and productivity for sustainable agriculture. - Systematically summarizes molecular mechanisms in plant stress tolerance and discusses the current applications of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision breeding to obtain stress-tolerant crops, contributing to climate-smart agriculture and global food security. - Includes contributions and references from multidisciplinary experts in plant stress physiology, plant molecular biology, plant biotechnology, agronomy, agriculture, nanotechnology, and environmental science. The content of the book is aimed at addressing UN SDG goals 2, 12, and 15 to achieve zero hunger and responsible consumption and production, and to sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. This comprehensive resource is suitable for researchers, students, teachers, agriculturists, and readers in plant science, and allied disciplines.

This monograph research presents research in applied biomathematics carried out by the author at the beginning of this millennium. Monte Carlo simulations have been widely used by computational biologists to understand stochastics of living systems in biological matter. This work demonstrates how Monte Carlo simulations can help us to understand the nucleic acid structure, biophysics and chemistry. The author presents research on methods to understand aspects of the molecular dynamics of nucleic acids, DNA melting, evolutionary genetics, protein folding of Crambin and DNA vitrification. The book consists of five chapters and an appendix on the theoretical investigation on 10-12 potential of Hydrogen-Hydrogen covalent bond. Some of the previous research published in İnternational Journal of Modern Physics C and Modern Physics Letters B is extended for additional insight. Readers will find simple computer algorithms for hard mathematical physics problems such as mesoscopic, fractals, percolation, Metropolis algorithm and Langevin dynamics – many of which are also crucial to understanding experimental results of computer-aided drug discovery and cryopreservation. The author has taken care to explain calculations in a clear manner. All simulations have been conducted using Fortran (f77).

The last two decades have seen a number of significant advances in the methodology for evaluating the molecular weight distributions of polydispersed macromolecular systems in solution at the molecular level. This reference presents reviews on the progress in different analytical and characterization methods of biopolymers. Readers will find useful information about combinations of complex biopolymer analysis such as chromatographic or membrane based fractionation procedures combined with multiple detectors on line (multi-angle laser light scattering or MALLS). Key topics include: • refractive index, UV-Vis absorbance and intrinsic viscosity detection systems, • advances in SEC-MALLS (size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering) and FFF-MALLS (field flow fractionation coupled on line to MALLS), • HPSEC-A4F-MALLS, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) • electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry • nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy This reference is intended for students of applied chemistry and biochemistry who require information about biopolymer analysis and characterization.

There is considerable diversity in polymers extracted from natural sources and much work has been done to classify them according to their physical and chemical properties. In the second part of this book set, readers will find general information about the physicochemical properties of several naturally occurring polysaccharides followed by a section dedicated to their application in different fields of research and medicine. Key topics in this part include: • chitosan (properties modifications and applications) • microbial biopolymers • biopolymers present in Brazilian seeds • protein-plastic foams • biopolymer microencapsulation in the food industry • biomedical gels • collagen biomaterials • biopolymer electrospinning This reference is intended for students of applied chemistry and biochemistry who require information about the properties and applications of polysaccharides (such as chitosan) and other protein-based biopolymers.

Organotins are widespread contaminants especially of water environments. Their chemically versatile structure makes organotin compounds able to bind to a variety of biomolecules thus widely affecting biological functions. Trisubstituted molecules, namely tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT), have been widely employed in antifouling paints and are also exploited as plastic stabilizers that unfortunately cause harmful biological effects. Persistent bioaccumulation has resulted in organotins becoming a significant environmental threat. Chapter by chapter, the biological and biochemical effects of organotins are unravelled in this e-book by a careful analysis of the most recent findings with special focus on contaminant action mechanisms at cellular and molecular level. The e-book provides an intriguing insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in organotin toxicology thus serving as a useful reference to biochemists, biologists, ecotoxicologists and life science students.

Aluminium is a chemical element present in earth’s crust and it is a known environmental toxin which has been found to be associated with various neurological disorders. Aluminium has been found to be a very strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.

Biochemistry: Fundamentals and Bioenergetics presents information about the basic and applied aspects of the chemistry of living organisms. The textbook covers the scope and importance of biochemistry, the latest physical techniques to determine biomolecular structure, detailed classification, structure and function of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, enzymes and hormones. Readers will also learn about processes central to energy metabolism including photosynthesis and respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, transcription and translation, recombinant DNA technology. Key Features - logical approach to biochemistry with several examples - 10 organized chapters on biochemistry fundamentals and metabolism - focus on biomolecules and biochemical processes - references for further reading

β-Glucan is generally considered to be a very safe immunomodulator. It is a well-known biological response modifier (BRM) that has been used as an adjuvant therapy for cancer since 1980, mostly in Japan. β-Glucan enhances the innate host defense against certain bacteria, yeast, and viral pathogens. I addition, glucans are also considered to be important in prophylaxis against irradiation. Various types of glucans are now routinely added both to human and animal food. At least 26 clinical trials are currently under way in several countries. The authors of this ebook have selected and brought together information on both theoretical and practical aspects of β-glucan use. The book is suitable for readers seeking timely and precise information on β-glucan history and various biological effects including possible use in the treatment of various diseases, without having any preliminary knowledge of natural immunomodulators. The book should not only provide an inspiration for carbohydrate and clinical chemists for further investigations in biomedicine, but it also presents a number of practical applicable results in immunology

β-Glucan is generally considered to be a very safe immunomodulator. It is a well-known biological response modifier (BRM) that has been used as an adjuvant therapy for cancer since 1980, mostly in Japan. β-Glucan enhances the innate host defense against certain bacteria, yeast, and viral pathogens. I addition, glucans are also considered to be important in prophylaxis against irradiation. Various types of glucans are now routinely added both to human and animal food. At least 26 clinical trials are currently under way in several countries. The authors of this ebook have selected and brought together information on both theoretical and practical aspects of β-glucan use. The book is suitable for readers seeking timely and precise information on β-glucan history and various biological effects including possible use in the treatment of various diseases, without having any preliminary knowledge of natural immunomodulators. The book should not only provide an inspiration for carbohydrate and clinical chemists for further investigations in biomedicine, but it also presents a number of practical applicable results in immunology

Advances in biomedical research have had a profound effect on human health outcomes over the last century. Biophysical, biochemical and cellular techniques are now the backbone of modern biomedical research. Understanding these laboratory techniques is a prerequisite for investigating the processes responsible for human diseases and discovering new treatment methods. <p></p> Cutting Edge Techniques in Biophysics, Biochemistry and Cell Biology: From Principle to Applications Provides information about basic and advanced analytical techniques applied in specific areas of life science and biomedical <p></p> Key Features: <p></p> - Book chapters present a broad overview of sophisticated analytical techniques used in biophysics, biochemistry and cell biology. <p></p> - Techniques covered include in vitro cell culture techniques, flow cytometry, real time PCR, X-ray crystallography, RNA sequencing <p></p> - Information about industrial and biomedical applications of techniques, (drug screening, disease models, functional assays, disease diagnosis, gene expression analysis and protein structure determination) is included. <p></p> The book is an excellent introduction for students (as a textbook) and researchers (as a reference work). The information it presents will prepare readers to understand and develop research methods in life science laboratories for different projects and activities.